2011
Nov
02

Linux 系統維護指令

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檢查系統 PCI 介面的各項裝置

lspci -v

Example 
  1. [puritys]home$ lspci -v
  2. 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma] (rev 02)
  3.         Flags: fast devsel
  4.  
  5. 00:01.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II]
  6.         Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0

檢查系統USB介面的裝置

lsusb

Example 
  1. [puritys]home$ lsusb
  2. Bus 001 Device 012: ID 80ee:0021 VirtualBox USB Tablet
  3. Bus 001 Device 001: ID 0000:0000

顯示CPU的資訊

cat /proc/cpuinfo

赫然發現在 Amazon 租最爛的主機，CPU還比我的電腦好 XD....

Example 
  1. [puritys]home$ cat /proc/cpuinfo
  2. processor       : 0
  3. vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
  4. cpu family      : 6
  5. model           : 15
  6. model name      : Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU    Q6600  @ 2.40GHz
  7. stepping        : 11
  8. cpu MHz         : 2402.021
  9. cache size      : 6144 KB
  10. fdiv_bug        : no
  11. hlt_bug         : no
  12. f00f_bug        : no
  13. coma_bug        : no
  14. fpu             : yes
  15. fpu_exception   : yes
  16. cpuid level     : 5
  17. wp              : yes
  18. flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 constant_tsc pni monitor

顯示記憶體的相關資訊

free

Example 
  1. [puritys]home$ free
  2.        total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
  3. Mem:    255792     241656    14136     0      49104     105744
  4. -/+ buffers/cache:  86808   168984
  5. Swap:   622584        192   622392

查看硬體的相關資訊

sudo dmidecode

Example 
  1. [puritys]home$ sudo dmidecode
  2. # dmidecode 2.9
  3. SMBIOS 2.5 present.
  4. 5 structures occupying 352 bytes.
  5. Table at 0x000E1000.
  6.  
  7. Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 20 bytes
  8. BIOS Information
  9.         Vendor: innotek GmbH
  10.         Version: VirtualBox
  11.         Release Date: 12/01/2006
  12.         Address: 0xE0000
  13.         Runtime Size: 128 kB
  14.         ROM Size: 128 kB
  15.         Characteristics:

查看 Kernel 版本

cat /etc/issue

Example 
  1. [puritys]home$ cat /etc/issue
  2. CentOS release 4.9 (Final)
  3. Kernel r on an m
  4. NOTICE: Support for CentOS 4 ends on Feb 29th, 2012

查看 OS 版本

cat /proc/version

more /proc/version

Example 
  1. [puritys]home$ more /proc/version
  2. Linux version x.x.x-xx (mockbuild@builderxx.centos.org) (gcc version 3.4.6 20060404 (Red Hat x.x.x-1
  3. 1)) #1 Thu Jul 21 17:12:08 EDT 2011
  4.  
  5. [puritys]home$ uname -a
  6. Linux www.yahoo.com.tw x.x.x-xxx #1 Thu Jul 21 17:12:08 EDT 2011 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

查看硬碟的各項資訊

sudo hdparm -i /dev/hda

Example 
  1. [puritys]home$ sudo hdparm -i /dev/hda
  2.  
  3. /dev/hda:
  4.  
  5.  Model=VBOX HARDDISK, FwRev=1.0, SerialNo=VBb9b3eddb-80cc9845
  6.  Config={ Fixed }
  7.  RawCHS=16383/16/63, TrkSize=0, SectSize=512, ECCbytes=0
  8.  BuffType=DualPortCache, BuffSize=256kB, MaxMultSect=128, MultSect=128
  9.  CurCHS=16383/16/63, CurSects=16514064, LBA=yes, LBAsects=31457280
  10.  IORDY=yes, tPIO={min:120,w/IORDY:120}, tDMA={min:120,rec:120}
  11.  PIO modes:  pio0 pio3 pio4
  12.  DMA modes:  mdma0 mdma1 mdma2
  13.  UDMA modes: udma0 udma1 *udma2 udma3 udma4 udma5 udma6
  14.  AdvancedPM=no WriteCache=enabled
  15.  Drive conforms to: unknown:
  16. * signifies the current active mode

查看硬碟詳細資訊及型號

Example 
  1. [puritys]home$ df
  2. Filesystem             1K-區段      已用     可用 已用% 掛載點
  3. /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
  4.                       xxxxxxxx   xxxxxxx   xxxxxxx  x7% /
  5. /dev/hda1               101086     12574     83293  14% /boot
  6. none                    127896         0    127896   0% /dev/shm
  7.  
  8.  
  9. [puritys]home$ sudo smartctl -a /dev/hda1
  10. smartctl version 5.33 [i686-redhat-linux-gnu] Copyright (C) 2002-4 Bruce Allen
  11. Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/
  12.  
  13. === START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
  14. Device Model:     VBOX HARDDISK
  15. Serial Number:    Vxxxxxx-80ccxx45
  16. .
  17. .
  18. .

Linux Kernel 運作過程當中所顯示的各項訊息記錄

sudo dmesg

Example 
  1. [puritys]home$ sudo dmesg | more
  2. Linux version 2.6.9-101.EL (mockbuild@builder10.centos.org) (gcc version 3.4.6 20060404 (Red Hat 3.4.6-1
  3. 1)) #1 Thu Jul 21 17:12:08 EDT 2011
  4. BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
  5.  BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009fc00 (usable)
  6.  BIOS-e820: 000000000009fc00 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)
  7.  BIOS-e820: 00000000000f0000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
  8.  BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 000000000fff0000 (usable)
  9.  BIOS-e820: 000000000fff0000 - 0000000010000000 (ACPI data)
  10.  BIOS-e820: 00000000fffc0000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
  11. .
  12. .
  13. .

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